Abstract: Cancer is the third cause of death in Mexico, one of the chronic degenerative diseases that has grown the most throughout the territory. This document describes a system that allows collecting, integrating, and deploying a unified data repository on cancerology in Mexico. Data were obtained from public access sources generated by units specialized in cancer treatment and follow-up. We use data mining techniques for the integration of the data repository. The application developed allows the analysis of the cancer panorama in Mexico. The project involves cleaning processes, integration, selection, and transformation of data in a pre-processing stage, for further analysis and presentation through a graphical interface. The primary objective is to visualize the general behavior and evolution of cancer in Mexico in recent years using data science techniques.

Abstract The study objective was to evaluate the processing of pinto beans using the retort pouch process, thus avoiding damage to its nutritional composition. The lipid evaluation was: 1.74% in bean seed and 1.214 %, 1.226%, and 1.417% in the retort pouch treatments. The enzyme Candida Antarctica lipase was used to transesterify the oil and was analyzed by chromatography (GC/MS), identifying the acids: hexadecanoic, 9-octadecanoic, eicosanoic, and octadecanoic. Total protein content evaluation showed 15.88% in the bean seed and 4.75%,4.58%, and 5.18% in the retort pouch treatments with a one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) Tukey test p < 0.05. The Phaseolin protein was identified by the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis method. These results showed that the nutrients of retort pouch pinto beans were conserved despite the high temperature and constant pressure.

ABSTRACT Chihuahua State is the largest apple producer in Mexico. To prevent apples from freezing during the winter, petroleum-based fuels are used to heat the orchards. In this research work, a microorganism isolated from inside of a fuel plastic container was identified through morphological analysis as the fungus Acremonium sp. By cultivating the fungus in potato dextrose agar medium (PDA), we were able to study the biodegradation rates of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The isolated microorganism was incubated at 28 ºC in M9 mineral liquid medium using phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene as the only carbon source at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. Degradation of PAHs was monitored using an environmentally friendly reverse phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system, with a C18 column, 30% water acidified at 0.1% with trifluoroacetic acid, and 70% acetonitrile as the mobile phase, 40 ºC column temperature, and UV detection at 254 nm. After 30 days of biodegradation (optimal time), the final mean concentration for individual degradation experiments were 2.51 µg/mL phenanthrene, 3.02 µg/mL anthracene and 5.53 µg/mL pyrene. Those final concentrations indicate degradation percentile of 95%, 94%, and 89%, respectively. Biodegradation experiments combining all three PAHs showed similarly high degradation percentiles of 93%, 94%, and 85% for phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene, respectively. The dry weight average at day 30 in the individual and combined degradation experiments was 2.34 mg/mg PAHs degraded.

RESUMEN El estado de Chihuahua es el mayor productor de manzanas en México. Para evitar que las manzanas se congelen durante el invierno, se utilizan combustibles a base de petróleo para calentar los huertos. En este trabajo de investigación, del interior de un contenedor plástico de combustible, un microorganismo fue aislado e identificado mediante análisis morfológico como Acremonium sp. Al cultivar el hongo en medio de agar papa dextrosa (PDA), pudimos estudiar las tasas de biodegradación de tres hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP). El microorganismo aislado se incubó a 28 ºC en medio líquido mineral M9 utilizando fenantreno, antraceno y pireno como única fuente de carbono a una concentración de 50 µg/mL. La degradación de los HAP se monitoreó mediante un sistema de cromatografía líquida de ultra alta resolución (UHPLC) de fase reversa, respetuoso con el ambiente utilizando una columna C18, 30 % de agua acidificada al 0.1 % con ácido trifluoroacético y 70 % de acetonitrilo como fase móvil, temperatura de la columna 40 ºC y detección UV a 254 nm. Después de 30 días de biodegradación (tiempo óptimo), la concentración media final para los experimentos de degradación individuales fue de 2.51 µg/mL de fenantreno, 3.02 µg/mL de antraceno y 5.53 µg/mL de pireno. Esas concentraciones finales indican porcentajes de degradación de 95 %, 94 % y 89 %, respectivamente. Los experimentos de biodegradación que combinaron los tres HAP mostraron percentiles de degradación igualmente altos de 93 %, 94 % y 85 % para fenantreno, antraceno y pireno, respectivamente. El promedio de peso seco en el día 30 en los experimentos de degradación individuales y combinados fue de 2.34 mg/mg de HAP degradados.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic generated many controversies in the management of critically ill pediatric patients. The main ones were about ventilatory support, phenotypic differences between adults and children, and acute and subacute clinical forms. For this reason, the Respiratory Committee (RC) of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Intensive Care (SLACIP) generated a document to summarize the recommendations with the best evidence. The objective of these recommendations is to provide an update on issues related to pediatric COVID-19. Methods and Materials The Respiratory Committee created a group composed of 19 pediatric kinesiologists/physiotherapists and intensivists from 8 Latin American countries and defined on 3/27/20 the 15 most relevant topics, assigning 3 referents and 2 reviewers for each. The manuscripts went through 4 stages until their final version. The complete document was freely distributed on 22/05/20 and updated twice (07/08/20 and 02/09/21). For the current version there were 3 special collaborators. Result The material consists of a complete 94-page document and an executive summary. The topics included are case definition, epidemiology, clinical classification, subacute inflammatory syndrome, personal protective equipment, aerosolization situations (intubation, extubation, suctioning, sampling, filter replacement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early mobilization), high flow cannula support, invasive, non-invasive and high frequency mechanical ventilation, pharmacological treatment, laboratory and imaging. Conclusion The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for nurses, kinesiologists/physiotherapists and physicians in the management of critically ill pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 generó muchas controversias en el manejo de los pacientes pediátricos críticos. Las principales fueron sobre el soporte ventilatorio, las diferencias fenotípicas entre adultos y niños y las formas clínicas aguda y subaguda.Por esa razón el Comité Respiratorio (CR) de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (SLACIP) generó un documento para resumir las recomendaciones con mayor evidencia. El objetivo de estas recomendaciones es brindar una actualización de temas relacionados a COVID-19 pediátrico.Métodos y Materiales El Comité Respiratorio creó un grupo compuesto por 19 kinesiólogos/fisioterapeutas y médicos intensivistas pediátricos de 8 países de Latinoamérica y definió el 27/03/20 los 15 temas más relevantes, asignando 3 referentes y 2 revisores por cada uno. Los manuscritos pasaron por 4 etapas hasta su versión final. El documento completo se distribuyó libremente el 22/05/20, actualizándose en dos oportunidades (07/08/20 y el 02/09/21). Para la versión actual se contó con 3 colaboradores especiales.Resultado El material se compone de un documento completo de 94 páginas y un resumen ejecutivo. Los temas incluidos son definición de caso, epidemiología, clasificación clínica, síndrome inflamatorio subagudo, equipos de protección personal, situaciones de aerosolización (intubación, extubación, aspiración, toma de muestras, recambio de filtros, reanimación cardiopulmonar, movilización temprana), soporte con cánula de alto flujo, ventilación mecánica invasiva, no invasiva y de alta frecuencia, tratamiento farmacológico, laboratorio e imágenes.Conclusión La elaboración de este documento ha tenido como fin servir de guía para enfermeros, kinesiólogos/fisioterapeutas y médicos en el manejo de pacientes pediátricos en estado crítico por COVID-19.

Abstract White grunt (Haemulon plumierii) has gained relevance as an alternative resource to fisheries off the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, however, knowledge of its biology in the region is scarce. Thus, in order to explore the reproductive biology of H. plumierii, a total of 355 specimens were caught with a hand line and bait, from September 2015 to November 2016 to conduct histological analysis of the gonads. The sample was represented by 233 males and 122 females, differing from the 1:1 sex ratio (1 female per 2.1 males). The reproductive season occurred from February to August with a maximum peak in May. The 50% maturity size (L50) was estimated at 15.15 and 15.22 cm TL for males and females, respectively. The batch fecundity ranged from 9,363 to 42,371 eggs per batch, with an average of 26,558 eggs. Several reproductive biology features were observed in H. plumierii, such as spring spawning seasonality, length at sexual maturity, asynchronous oocyte development with an indeterminate fecundity, and batch spawning. This kind of information can guide proposals for further sustainable fishery management measures that may guarantee the continuity of this economically important species in the region.

Resumen El ronco blanco (Haemulon plumierii) ha ganado relevancia como recurso alternativo a las pesquerías de la costa norte de la península de Yucatán; sin embargo, el conocimiento de su biología en la región es escaso. Así, para explorar la biología reproductiva de H. plumierii se capturaron un total de 355 ejemplares con línea de mano y cebo, desde septiembre de 2015 hasta noviembre de 2016, con el fin de realizar análisis histológico de las gónadas. La muestra estuvo representada por 233 machos y 122 hembras, a diferencia de la proporción de sexos 1:1 (1 hembra por 2.1 machos). La temporada reproductiva ocurrió de febrero a agosto con un pico máximo en mayo. La talla promedio de madurez sexual (L50) se estimó en 15.15 y 15.22 cm (LT) para machos y hembras, respectivamente. La fecundidad por lotes osciló entre 9,363 y 42,371 huevos por lote, con un promedio de 26,558 huevos. Se observaron varias características de la biología reproductiva en H. plumierii, como la estacionalidad del desove en primavera, la talla de madurez sexual, el desarrollo asincrónico de ovocitos con una fecundidad indeterminada y el desove por lotes. Este tipo de información puede orientar propuestas para futuras medidas de manejo pesquero sostenible que puedan garantizar la continuidad de esta especie de importancia económica en la región.

Abstract: Commonly, the improper signaling in road construction zones is the cause of different accidents to drivers, pedestrians, and road construction workers. The signaling used when a vehicle is approaching a repairing section could be classified into two classes: stationary or active. Nevertheless, active warning systems have demonstrated to reduce accidents in road work zones. Within the active signaling class we have: portable changeable message sign, flashing arrow signs, flagman, to mention some. This paper describes the implementation of two robotic flagmen controlled by the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Each robotic flagman can perform four different actions: speed reduction (right and left) and lane change (right and left). The electronic circuitry and mechanical motors of the two robotic flagmen have the option to be powered by a solar charging system considering working zones where there is no access to the electric grid. The solar charging system guarantees a sufficient electrical power supply for night conditions operations. Also, the CAN protocol can be used to monitor the correct operability of the robotic flagmen thus eliminating the need to incorporate more expensive electronic devices such as cameras. The hardware combination in the control, monitoring, and solar charging system allow us to propose a low-cost practical implementation. The results of our implementation show that the longest response time of the robot is less than 850 ms once that the CAN message has been sent to the network. This demonstrates that our proposal can meet real-time implementation requirements.

Resumo Soluções técnicas que são projetadas de cima para baixo (top-down) para lidar com o controle de enchentes, como a canalização, são cada vez mais inacessíveis. Neste trabalho, explorou-se como os líderes comunitários enquadram o conceito de risco, particularmente devido a inundações, e documentamos soluções de baixo para cima (bottom-up), em vez de soluções de cima para baixo, no contexto do furacão Maria e da atual crise financeira. Esta pesquisa visou entrevistar líderes organizacionais de conservação ambiental para avaliar a questão mais ampla do que torna San Juan habitável, e o papel que o gerenciamento de risco de inundação desempenha na definição da habitabilidade. Na percepção dos líderes, abordagens ascendentes para o controle de enchentes, incluindo o papel da infraestrutura verde, é de particular interesse, dada a inviabilidade das atuais medidas de engenharia e do histórico de estratégias de enfrentamento local de curto prazo. A equipe responsável enquadra a pesquisa usando soluções estruturais em contraste com soluções não-estruturais para explorar até que ponto os líderes comunitários se baseiam em visões verdes da cidade ou enfatizam a transição para estratégias mais alinhadas com processos e funções ecológicas. Os resultados da pesquisa podem ajudar a informar os esforços atuais para envolver as comunidades em nível local sobre soluções alternativas para canalização e outras medidas de gerenciamento de enchentes urbanas.

Abstract Top-down technical or engineered solutions to deal with flood control such as channelization are increasingly unaffordable. We explored how community leaders’ frame the concept of risk, particularly due to flooding, and documented bottom-up rather than top-down solutions within the context of Hurricane Maria and the current financial crisis. This research aimed to interview environmental conservation organizational leaders to assess the broader question of what makes San Juan livable, and the role that flooding risk management plays in defining livability. Their perception of bottom-up approaches for flood control, including the role of green infrastructure, is of particular interest given the infeasibility of current engineered measures and their history of short term local coping strategies. Our research team frames the research using structural versus non-structural solutions to explore to what extent community leaders draw upon green visions of the city or emphasize transitioning towards strategies more closely aligned with ecological processes and functions. The research results help to inform current efforts of local community engagement about alternative solutions to channelization and other urban flood management measures.

Abstract Recently, vegetable oils modification to obtain methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME) or biodiesel has emerged as an alternative for substituting petroleum derivatives, due to the environmental and health problems generated with their use. Owing to its chemical structure it is possible to epoxidize these molecules and use them directly to produce plasticizers or lubricants. However, these can also be subject to modifications for improving their properties and, at best, serve as intermediaries in polyurethanes synthesis. Since epoxide conventional production methods are potential source of contamination, the use of enzymatic catalysts has been suggested as a sustainable or "green" alternative for their preparation, since they allow obtaining products with high purity and better yields. This article presents a review of the available literature focusing on the enzymatic epoxidation of the FAMEs, as well as their main applications.

Resumen Recientemente, la modificación de aceites vegetales para obtener ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAMEs) o biodiesel ha emergido como una alternativa para la sustitución de los derivados del petróleo, esto debido a los problemas ambientales y de salud que genera su uso. Debido a su estructura química es posible epoxidar estas moléculas y usarlas directamente para producir plastificantes o lubricantes. Sin embargo, éstas también pueden ser sujetas a modificaciones para mejorar sus propiedades y el de servir como intermediarias para la síntesis de poliuretanos. Puesto que los métodos convencionales para la producción de epóxidos también son una fuente potencial de contaminación, se ha sugerido el uso de catalizadores enzimáticos como una alternativa sostenible o "Verde" para su preparación, ya que permiten obtener productos con alta pureza y mejores rendimientos. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura disponible centrándose en la epoxidación enzimática de los FAMEs, así como sus principales aplicaciones.

Resumen Objetivos: Evaluar los cambios de masa y rugosidad del ionómero de vidrio al contacto con los enjuagues, considerando el tiempo de exposición y su composición. Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron 88 cuerpos de prueba de ionómeros de vidrio Ionolux y Vitremer que se mantuvieron en contacto con Listerine Zero sin alcohol, Cool Mint con alcohol, y Whitening con alcohol y agentes blanqueadores; durante 21, 546 y 1092 minutos con ciclos de permanencia de los especímenes en saliva artificial, y se realizó pesaje de pruebas de perfilómetro de forma continua. Resultados: los datos tabulados y analizados mediante prueba de ANOVA mostraron degradación en las muestras, sin diferencia estadísticamente significante evidenciada también en la rugosidad, de manera proporcional al tiempo de exposición. Conclusiones: existen cambios tanto en peso como en rugosidad sobre los ionómeros evaluados tras contacto con los diferentes enjuagues utilizados, proporcionales al tiempo de exposición. La presencia de alcohol en el enjuague bucal no determina mayor cambio de la masa de los materiales evaluados; pero sí en rugosidad, en comparación con otras composiciones de enjuagues y el tiempo de exposición.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate changes in mass and roughness of glass ionomer in contact with mouthrinses considering time of exposure and their composition. Materials and Methods: 88 Ionolux and Vitremer glass ionomer test bodies were made and kept in contact with alcohol-free Listerine Zero, Cool Mint, with alcohol, and Whitening with alcohol and bleaching agents during 21, 546 and 1092 minutes with cycles of permanence of specimens in artificial saliva, weighing and profilometer tests were carrying out in a continuous way. Results: The data tabulated and analyzed by ANOVA test showed degradation in samples without any statistically significant difference evidenced even in roughness, it is proportional to time of exposure. Conclusions: There are changes in weight and roughness on ionomers evaluated aftercontact with different mouth rinses used proportional to time of exposure. The presence of alcohol in the mouthwash does not determine greater change in the mass of evaluated materials; but roughness does in comparison with other mouth rinse compositions and exposure time.

We present a revised checklist of the mammals of Argentina, incorporating recent taxonomical changes and new records of mammals for the country produced since the publication of a previous list in 2006. We recordered 409 native species, corresponding to 181 genera, 46 families and 12 orders, plus 23 introduced taxa with wild populations.

Se presenta una lista revisada de los mamíferos de Argentina, incorporando los cambios taxonómicos recientes y los nuevos registros para el país producidos desde la publicación de un listado previo en 2006. Se registraron 409 especies nativas, correspondientes a 181 géneros, 46 familias y 12 órdenes, más 23 especies introducidas con poblaciones silvestres.

En el estado Aragua, Venezuela, existen comunidades agrícolas como las del municipio Tovar, que reúnen condiciones geográficas y climáticas favorables para el desarrollo del hongo Sporothrix schenckii, en las que los agricultores estarían particularmente expuestos y a riesgo de adquirir la infección y desarrollar esporotricosis. En conse cuencia, se determinó la prevalencia de esta infección en 148 agricultores de ambos sexos del caserío "Peñón de Gabante", mediante la intradermorreacción a la esporotriquina. La prevalencia fue 24% y la frecuencia de infección incrementó con la edad de los agricultores, el tiempo desarrollando esta labor y fue mayor en hombres (27,6%) que en mujeres (20,8%), alcanzando valores de 39,1% en las personas con edades de 50 años o más y de 28% en aquellos con más de 10 años laborando en la agricultura, aunque resultó independiente de estas variables. Se halló un menor porcentaje de positividad (21,8%) en los agricultores que utilizan en forma regular equipos de protección en comparación con aquellos que lo hacen irregularmente (27,9%), aunque las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la intradermopositividad a la esporotriquina y los signos clínicos relacionados a la esporotricosis (p< 0,005), el contacto directo tanto con plantas de ramas espinosas y/o frutos de cáscara espinosa (p< 0,001) y con el contacto directo con la tierra durante el proceso de preparación, abono y/o siembra de sus cultivos (p< 0,005). Estos hallazgos sugieren que la zona estudiada es endémica para Sporothrix schenckii y los agricultores se encuentran en riesgo ocupacional de contraer esta infección.

In Aragua state (Venezuela) there are farming communities such as the Tovar municipality that meet geographical and climatic conditions favourable for the development of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, in which farmer workers would be particularly exposed and at risk of infection and development of sporotrichosis. Accordingly, it was determined the prevalence of this infection in 148 farmers of both sexes from the village "Peñón de Gabante" through the intradermoreaction to esporotrichin. The overall prevalence was 24% and the frequency of infection increased with the age of the farmers, the time working as farmers and it was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (20.8%), reaching values of 39.1% in persons of 50 years and older and 28% in those with more than 10 years occupied in agriculture, although it was independent of these variables. Also, it was found a lower percentage of intradermal positivity (21.8%) in farmers that reported regular use of protective equipment in compare to those whom used it irregularly (27.9%) even though the differences weren't statistically significant. Statistically significant association (p< 0.005) was found between the clinical signs referred by farmers and the intradermopositivity to the esporotrichin, direct contact with plants with thorny branches and/or fruits of prickly shell (p< 0.001) and direct contact with the soil during the process of preparation, fertilization and sowing the crops (p<0.005). These findings suggest that the studied area is endemic to Sporothrix schenckii and farmers found in occupational risk of acquiring this infection.

Resumen Hace poco se cumplieron 100 años de la expedición de la Universidad de Harvard a Perú, liderada por Richard Strong, para investigar la enfermedad de Carrion. El presente estudio realizó una revisión crítica de la investigación científica de dicha expedición. Richard Strong era un médico con antecedentes relacionados con la realización de experimentaciones humanas antiéticas en Filipinas y China. En Perú, Strong realizó experimentación humana al inocular secreciones de verruga en un paciente psiquiátrico, logrando reproducir en este la verruga peruana, pero no la fiebre de la Oroya; con base en este experimento, y sin considerar la evidencia epidemiológica y clínica, la expedición de Harvard concluyó erróneamente que la fiebre de la Oroya y la verruga peruana eran dos enfermedades diferentes. Una visión retrospectiva de la labor científica de la expedición de Harvard en Perú lleva a extraer las siguientes lecciones para la ciencia: a) se debe condenar la antiética experimentación humana realizada por la expedición de Harvard; b) es necesario obtener la mejor evidencia científica, experimental y observacional en la causalidad de las enfermedades infecciosas, y c) es necesario reconocer que en países subdesarrollados se puede generar conocimiento científico de alta calidad y que, pese a la escasa infraestructura, puede ser mejor al de los países desarrollados.

Abstract In 1913, around 100 years ago, the Harvard University sent an expedition to Peru, led by Richard Strong, to investigate Carrion's disease. This paper provides a critical review of the scientific research carried out in this expedition. Richard Strong was a physician who performed unethical human experimentation in the Philippines and China. In Peru, Strong conducted experiments on humans to inoculate wart secretions to a psychiatric patient, which led him to replicate the Peruvian wart in this individual, although he could not replicate Oroya fever. Based on this experiment, and without taking into account epidemiological and clinical evidence, the Harvard expedition erroneously concluded that Oroya fever and Peruvian wart were two different diseases. A retrospective review of the scientific work conducted by the expedition in Peru allows drawing the following lessons for science: a) disapproving unethical human experimentation conducted by the expedition; b) to determine the cause of infectious diseases, it is necessary to obtain the best scientific, experimental and observational evidence, and c) to acknowledge that, despite the poor infrastructure, researchers in developing countries are able to produce high-quality scientific knowledge that may surpass the knowledge generated by researchers in developed countries.